verezdoВестник репродуктивного здоровьяBulletin of Reproductive Health2075-65692310-421XEndocrinology Research Centre (Moscow)10.14341/brh12699verezdo-12699Research ArticleНАУЧНЫЙ ОБЗОРREVIEWКак связаны питание, стресс и физическая нагрузка с развитием аменореи?Is there any relationship between nutrition, stress, physical exercise and amenorrhea?https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1044-142XОдарченкоА. С.OdarchenkoA. S.

Одарченко Арина Сергеевна

Россия, 117036, Москва, ул. Дм. Ульянова, д. 11

Arina S. Odarchenko, postgraduate student

11 Dm. Ulyanova street, 117036 Moscow, Russia

arina.odarchencko@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8425-0020АндрееваЕ. Н.AndreevaE. N.

Андреева Елена Николаевна, д.м.н., профессор

Москва

Elena N. Andreeva, MD, Doctor of Sciences, professor

Moscow

endogin@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4979-7420ГригорянО. Р.GrigoryanO. R.

Григорян Ольга Рафаэльевна, д.м.н., профессор

Москва

Olga R. Grigoryan, MD, Doctor of Sciences, professor

Moscow

iceberg1995@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0696-5367АбсатароваЮ. С.AbsatarovaYu. S.

Абсатарова Юлия Сергеевна, к.м.н.

Москва

Yulia S. Absatarova, MD, PhD

Moscow

korsil2008@yandex.ruНациональный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологииРоссияEndocrinology Research CentreRussian FederationНациональный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии; Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет им. А.И. ЕвдокимоваРоссияEndocrinology Research Centre; A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and DentistryRussian Federation202322112023211723Copyright © Одарченко А.С., Андреева Е.Н., Григорян О.Р., Абсатарова Ю.С., 20242024Одарченко А.С., Андреева Е.Н., Григорян О.Р., Абсатарова Ю.С.Odarchenko A.S., Andreeva E.N., Grigoryan O.R., Absatarova Y.S.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.vrz-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/12699

Аменорея — отсутствие или ненормальное прекращение менструального цикла. Функциональная гипоталамическая аменорея (ФГА), одна из наиболее распространенных и наименее изученных форм вторичной (гипоталамической) аменореи, возникает вследствие срыва адаптации женского организма к комплексному воздействию психосоциальных и метаболических раздражителей. На сегодняшний день не существует общепринятых методов измерения пороговой величины потенциальных раздражителей и маркеров эффективности коррекции данного состояния у женщин, в связи с чем диагностика, лечение и профилактика ФГА пока имеют эмпирический характер. Наиболее перспективным направлением в свете данной проблемы является разработка разнонаправленных подходов к персонализированному ведению пациенток с ФГА, включающих коррекцию нутритивного и психоэмоционального статуса. Особые надежды возлагаются на поиск и применение омиксных (геномных, эпигеномных, транскриптомных, протеомных и метаболомных) маркеров нарушения работы гипоталамо-гипофизарно-гонадной оси в научно-практических интересах. В данном обзоре литературы показана связь возникновения аменореи со стрессом, изменениями в питании и весе, чрезмерными физическим нагрузками, а также пандемией COVID-19. Поиск литературы проводился на русском и английском языках в базах данных eLibrary, MEDLINE и Scopus преимущественно за период последних 5–10 лет. Ввиду недостаточной изученности выбранной темы также выбирались источники, датированные 1990-ми годами.

Amenorrhea is the absence or abnormal cessation of the menstrual cycle. Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA) is one of the most common and least studied forms of secondary (hypothalamic) amenorrhea that occurs after adaptation failure in response to mental, social and metabolic irritants. At there are no common threshold values of potential irritants and markers of efficacy for female patioents with FHA. Methods of diagnostics, treatment and prevention of FHA stay still not personalized, but empirical. The most promising solution of present problem is combination of nutritive and mental correction among females with FHA. Also, the most promising step is searching and studying of omics (genomic, epigenomic, transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic) markers of hypothalamic–hypophysial-gonadal axis disruption. This review shows the association between amenorrhea and stress, changes in nutrition or weight, excessive physical activity, and the COVID-19 pandemic. The literature was searched in Russian and English languages in eLibrary, MEDLINE, and Scopus databases mainly for the last decade. Due to the insufficient study of the chosen topic, sources dating back to the 1990s were also selected.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.