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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">verezdo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник репродуктивного здоровья</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin of Reproductive Health</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2075-6569</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-421X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Endocrinology Research Centre (Moscow)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14341/brh12774</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">verezdo-12774</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НАУЧНЫЙ ОБЗОР</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Функциональные и стресс-зависимые нарушения менструального цикла в практике гинеколога (обзор литературы)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Functional and stress-related menstrual cycle disorders in gynecological practice (literature review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8189-1384</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Евсеева</surname><given-names>Ю. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Evseeva</surname><given-names>Yu. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Евсеева Юлия Сергеевна</p><p>117292, г. Москва, ул. Дмитрия Ульянова д. 11 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yulia S. Evseeva, MD, resident</p><p>11 Dm.Ulyanova street, 117036</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Evseeva.julia09@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0696-5367</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абсатарова</surname><given-names>Ю. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Absatarova</surname><given-names>Yu. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Абсатарова Юлия Сергеевна, к.м.н.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yulia S. Absatarova, MD, PhD</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">korsil2008@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8061-3242</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алейникова</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aleynikova</surname><given-names>Yu. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алейникова Юлия Александровна, клинический ординатор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yulia A. Aleynikova, MD</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aleynikova.julia@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8425-0020</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андреева</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Andreeva</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena N. Andreeva, MD, PhD, professor</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">endogin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5826-3186</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михеев</surname><given-names>Р. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikheev</surname><given-names>R. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Михеев Роберт Константинович</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Robert K. Mikheev, MD, resident</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">iceberg1995@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГНЦ РФ ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии им. академика И.И. Дедова»  Минздрава РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Endocrinology Research Centre Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГНЦ РФ ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии им. академика И.И. Дедова» Минздрава РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Endocrinology Research Centre Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГНЦ РФ ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии им. академика И.И. Дедова» Минздрава РФ; ФГБОУ ВО «Российский университет медицины» Минздрава РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Endocrinology Research Centre Russia; Russian University of medicine</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>4</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>10</fpage><lpage>20</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Евсеева Ю.С., Абсатарова Ю.С., Алейникова Ю.А., Андреева Е.Н., Михеев Р.К., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Евсеева Ю.С., Абсатарова Ю.С., Алейникова Ю.А., Андреева Е.Н., Михеев Р.К.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Evseeva Y.S., Absatarova Y.S., Aleynikova Y.A., Andreeva E.N., Mikheev R.K.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vrz-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/12774">https://www.vrz-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/12774</self-uri><abstract><p>Функциональные расстройства менструального цикла охватывают широкий спектр нарушений регулярности, длительности и объема менструаций при отсутствии органической патологии. За последние десятилетия достигнут значительный прогресс в понимании этиологических факторов, диагностических критериев и терапевтических подходов при данных состояниях. Основу патогенеза составляет нарушение координированной работы гипоталамогипофизарно-яичниковой оси, в функционировании которой ключевое значение имеют кисспептин, гонадотропин-рилизинг гормон (ГнРГ), гонадотропины и половые стероиды.</p><p>Особое внимание в современной литературе уделяется нейропептидному контролю секреции ГнРГ, в частности роли кисспептина и нейрокинина B, изменения экспрессии которых лежат в основе гипоталамической аменореи. Существенное влияние на менструальную функцию оказывает дефицит энергии, связанный с интенсивными физическими нагрузками, который характерен для спортсменок и может приводить к функциональной аменорее. Хронический стресс, ассоциированный с повышением уровня кортизола, может опосредованно нарушать нейроэндокринные механизмы регуляции на различных уровнях.</p><p>Пандемия COVID-19 рассматривается как дополнительный фактор, ассоциированный с нарушениями менструальной функции, что обусловлено как предполагаемым прямым повреждением тканей органов репродуктивной системы, так и опосредованными стресс-индуцированными и иммунными механизмами. Возрастающий научный интерес вызывает влияние экологических условий, включая загрязнение окружающей среды и воздействие эндокринных дизрапторов, которые все чаще признаются значимыми патогенетическими детерминантами нарушений менструального ритма.</p><p>Настоящий обзор обобщает актуальные сведения о механизмах гормональной дисрегуляции, роли внешних и внутренних триггеров, вирусных агентов, а также о новых и актуальных диагностических и терапевтических подходах в ведении пациенток с функциональными расстройствами, в том числе с использованием возможностей растительных компонентов и микроэлементов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Functional menstrual disorders encompass a broad spectrum of abnormalities in the regularity, duration, and volume of menstrual bleeding in the absence of organic pathology. Over the past decades, substantial progress has been made in understanding the etiological factors, diagnostic criteria, and therapeutic strategies associated with these conditions. The pathogenesis is primarily linked to dysfunction of the hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian (HPO) axis, in which key regulatory roles are played by kisspeptin, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), gonadotropins, and sex steroids.</p><p>Contemporary literature places particular emphasis on the neuropeptidergic regulation of GnRH secretion, notably the roles of kisspeptin and neurokinin B, whose impaired expression is implicated in the development of hypothalamic amenorrhea. Lifestyle-related factors exert a significant influence on menstrual function — energy deficiency resulting from intensive physical activity, common among athletes, may lead to secondary amenorrhea. Chronic psychological stress, associated with elevated cortisol levels, can indirectly disrupt neuroendocrine regulatory mechanisms at multiple levels.</p><p>The COVID-19 pandemic is considered an additional factor associated with menstrual disturbances, attributed to both the presumed direct damage to reproductive tissues and indirect effects mediated by stress-related and immune-driven pathophysiological mechanisms. Environmental exposures, including air pollution and endocrine-disrupting chemicals, are also gaining attention as relevant contributors to menstrual rhythm disturbances.</p><p>This review summarizes current knowledge on hormonal dysregulation mechanisms, the influence of internal and external triggers, viral agents, and emerging diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for managing patients with functional menstrual disorders, including the use of a complex of plant components and microelements Time Factor, the composition of which is aimed at correcting the functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis in case of non-organic disorders of the menstrual cycle.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>функциональная гипоталамическая аменорея</kwd><kwd>кисспептин</kwd><kwd>спорт</kwd><kwd>депрессия</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>functional hypothalamic amenorrhea</kwd><kwd>kisspeptin</kwd><kwd>sport</kwd><kwd>depression</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Attia GM, Alharbi OA, Aljohani RM. 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