Consensus statement on the results of the interdisciplinary expert council meeting with international participation on personalized prescription of hormone replacement therapy/menopausal hormone therapy in women at different age period
https://doi.org/10.14341/brh12804
Abstract
A significant decrease in estrogen levels due to the onset of menopause is the cause of the development of clinically significant symptoms of climacteric syndrome, which significantly impair the quality of life, and also refers to factors that increase long-term cardiometabolic risks. According to the current Russian clinical recommendations, menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) is considered as the most effective method for the correction of climacteric disorders.
An Interdisciplinary Expert Council was convened in the last quarter of 2025 to study the topical issues of managing patients in the peri-and postmenopausal periods and the specifics of prescribing MHT in various clinical situations, the main task of which was to optimize scientifically based algorithms for the management of patients with climacteric/postovariectomy syndromes. Based on the results of work by national and international specialists representing various fields of medicine, a consensus document was approved regulating the principles for prescribing HRT/MHT to women with concomitant somatic pathology.
About the Authors
V. E. BalanRussian Federation
Vera E. Balan, MD, PhD, Professor
S. V. Yureneva
Russian Federation
Svetlana V. Yureneva, MD, PhD, Professor
M. I. Yarmolinskaya
Russian Federation
Maria I. Yarmolinskaya, MD, PhD, Professor
E. N. Andreeva
Russian Federation
Elena N. Andreeva, MD, PhD, Professor
11 Dm. Ulyanova street, 117036 Moscow
O. M. Drapkina
Oksana M. Drapkina, MD, PhD, Professor
I. I. Baranov
Russian Federation
Igor I. Baranov, MD, Dr. Sc. (Med.)]
A. L. Hirschberg
Sweden
Angelica Lindén Hirschberg, MD, PhD, Professor, Academician
A. Cano
Spain
Cano Antonio, MD, PhD, Professor
S. A. Berns
Russian Federation
Svetlana A.Berns, MD, PhD, Professor
I. S. Yavelov
Russian Federation
Igor S. Yavelov, MD, PhD, Professor
A. V. Sergeev
Spain
Alexey V.Sergeev, Doctor of Sciences, Professor
S. V. Dora
Russian Federation
Svetlana V. Dora, PhD, Doctor of Sciences
O. V. Dzhenina
Russian Federation
Olga V. Dzhenina, MD, PhD
S. V. Akinshina
Russian Federation
Svetlana V.Akinshina, MD, PhD
Ya. B. Skiba
Russian Federation
Yaroslav B. Skiba, MD, PhD
O. B. Talibov
Russian Federation
Oleg B.Talibov, MD,PhD, Docent
References
1. Delanerolle G, Phiri P, Elneil S, Talaulikar V, Eleje GU, Kareem R, et al.; MARIE collaborative. Menopause: a global health and wellbeing issue that needs urgent attention. Lancet Glob. Health. 2025;13(2):e196-e198. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(24)00528-X
2. WНО. Menopause. 2024. Available at: www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/menopause
3. Burki T. Rossella Nappi: taking the stigma out of menopause. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2023;11(4):232. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(23)00057-8
4. Thavabalan K, Ovenell A, Pierce P, Sutaria A, Parkhouse A, Baydemir N, et al. Barriers to the safe discussion of the experience and management of menopausal symptoms: A systematic literature review. Maturitas. 2025;201:108683. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2025.108683
5. Smetnik A.A., Ivanov I.A., Ermakova E.I., Tabeeva G.I. Characteristics of menopausal hormone therapy use in Russia: results of a large-scale survey of peri- and postmenopausal women. Akusherstvo i Ginekologiya/Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2025; (8): 196-208 (in Russian). doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.18565/aig.2025.200
6. Panay N, Fenton A, Hamoda H, Hillard T, Islam R, Pedder H, et al.; (IMS Publication Steering Committee) and The IMS Recommendations Writing Group; IMS Recommendations Writing Group; With valuable support provided by. International Menopause Society (IMS) recommendations and key messages on women’s midlife health and menopause. Climacteric. 2025;28(6):634-656. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13697137.2025.2585487
7. Johansson T, Karlsson T, Bliuc D, Schmitz D, Ek WE, Skalkidou A, et al. Contemporary menopausal hormone therapy and risk of cardiovascular disease: Swedish nationwide register based emulated target trial. BMJ. 2024;387:e078784. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2023-078784
8. Xia W, Khalil RA. Hormone replacement therapy and cardiovascular health in postmenopausal women. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025;26(11):5078. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms26115078
9. Kim Y, Cho MK, Chung YJ, Hong SH, Hwang KR, Jeon GH, et al.; Publication Committee on Clinical Guidelines of the Korean Society of Menopause. The 2025 Menopausal Hormone Therapy Guidelines - Korean Society of Menopause. J. Menopausal Med. 2025;31(2):53-84. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.6118/jmm.25103
10. “The 2022 Hormone Therapy Position Statement of The North American Menopause Society” Advisory Panel. The 2022 hormone therapy position statement of The North American Menopause Society. Menopause. 2022;29(7):767-94. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1097/GME.0000000000002028
11. European Menopause and Andropause Society (EMAS). EMAS statement on the FDA decision to remove “Black Box” warnings from Menopausal Hormone Therapy (MHT). Available at: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/emas-statement-fda-decision-remove-cpmgf
12. https://edition.cnn.com/2025/10/02/health/menopause-hrt-warning-change-makary
13. ESHRE, ASRM, CREWHIRL and IMS Guideline Group on POI; Panay N, Anderson RA, Bennie A, Cedars M, Davies M, Ee C, et al. Evidence-based guideline: premature ovarian insufficiency. Climacteric. 2024;27(6):510-20. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13697137.2024.2423213
14. Panay N, Anderson RA, Nappi RE, Vincent AJ, Vujovic S, Webber L, et al. Premature ovarian insufficiency: an International Menopause Society White Paper. Climacteric. 2020;23(5):426-46. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13697137.2020.1804547
15. Li XT, Li PY, Liu Y, Yang HS, He LY, Fang YG, et al. Health-related quality-of-life among patients with premature ovarian insufficiency: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Qual Life Res. 2020;29(1):19-36. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11136-019-02326-2
16. Honigberg MC, Zekavat SM, Aragam K, Finneran P, Klarin D, Bhatt DL, et al. Association of premature natural and surgical menopause with incident cardiovascular disease. JAMA. 2019;322(24):2411-21. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2019.19191
17. Averkova V.G., Yureneva S.V. Quality of life in patients with premature ovarian insufficiency treated with hormone replacement therapy. Akusherstvo i Ginekologiya/Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2023; (5): 50-58 (in Russian). doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.18565/aig.2023.16
18. https://www.who.int/ru/initiatives/decade-of-healthy-ageing
19. Mansour D, Barber K, Chalk G, Noble N, Digpal AAS, Talaulikar V, et al. The evolving perspective of menopause management in the United Kingdom. Womens Health (Lond). 2024;20:17455057241288641)]. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17455057241288641
20. Nadeliaeva Ia.G., Danusevich I.N. Specifics of menopause, awareness and quality of life of women living in urban and rural areas. Doctor.Ru. 2025;24(1):81–87. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.31550/1727-2378-2025-24-1-81-87
21. Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. Clinical recommendations “Menopause and female climacteric conditions”. Version of 2025 year.
22. El Khoudary SR, Aggarwal B, Beckie TM, Hodis HN, Johnson AE, Langer RD, et al.; American Heart Association Prevention Science Committee of the Council on Epidemiology and Prevention; and Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing. Menopause transition and cardiovascular disease risk: Implications for timing of early prevention: A scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2020;142(25):e506-e532. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000912
23. Stuenkel CA. Reproductive milestones across the lifespan and cardiovascular disease risk in women. Climacteric. 2024;27(1):5-15. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13697137.2023.2259793
24. Thurston RC, Aslanidou Vlachos HE, Derby CA, Jackson EA, Brooks MM, Matthews KA, et al. Menopausal vasomotor symptoms and risk of incident cardiovascular disease events in SWAN. J. Am. Heart Assoc. 2021;10(3):e017416. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.120.017416
25. Boardman HM, Hartley L, Eisinga A, Main C, Roqué i Figuls M, Bonfill Cosp X, et al. Hormone therapy for preventing cardiovascular disease in post-menopausal women. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2015;2015(3): CD002229. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD002229.pub4
26. Schierbeck LL, Rejnmark L, Tofteng CL, Stilgren L, Eiken P, Mosekilde L, et al. Effect of hormone replacement therapy on cardiovascular events in recently postmenopausal women: randomised trial. BMJ. 2012;345:e6409. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.e6409
27. Johansson T, Karlsson T, Bliuc D, Schmitz D, Ek WE, Skalkidou A, et al. Contemporary menopausal hormone therapy and risk of cardiovascular disease: Swedish nationwide register based emulated target trial. BMJ. 2024;387:e078784. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2023-078784
28. Oliver-Williams C, Glisic M, Shahzad S, Brown E, Pellegrino Baena C, Chadni M, et al. The route of administration, timing, duration and dose of postmenopausal hormone therapy and cardiovascular outcomes in women: a systematic review. Hum. Reprod. Update. 2019;25(2):257-71. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humupd/dmy039
29. Kalenga CZ, Metcalfe A, Robert M, Nerenberg KA, MacRae JM, Ahmed SB. Association between the route of administration and formulation of estrogen therapy and hypertension risk in postmenopausal women: a prospective population-based study. Hypertension. 2023;80(7):1463-73. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.122.19938
30. Cho L, Kaunitz AM, Faubion SS, Hayes SN, Lau ES, Pristera N, et al.; ACC CVD in Women Committee. Rethinking menopausal hormone therapy: For whom, what, when, and how long? Circulation. 2023;147(7):597-610. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.122.061559
31. Mueck AO, Seeger H. Smoking, estradiol metabolism and hormone replacement therapy. Curr. Med. Chem. Cardiovasc. Hematol. Agents. 2005;3(1):45-54. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568016052773270
32. Шляхто Е.В., Сухих Г.Т., Серов В.Н., Дедов И.И., Арутюнов Г.П., Сучков И.А. Российские критерии приемлемости назначения менопаузальной гормональной терапии пациенткам с сердечно-сосудистыми и метаболическими заболеваниями. Согласительный документ Российского кардиологического общества, Российского общества акушеров-гинекологов, Российской ассоциации эндокринологов, Евразийской ассоциации терапевтов, Ассоциации флебологов России. // Акушерство и гинекология. — 2023. — №11. — С. 211-32
33. Straczek C, Oger E, Yon de Jonage-Canonico MB, Plu-Bureau G, Conard J, Meyer G, et al.; Estrogen and Thromboembolism Risk (ESTHER) Study Group. Prothrombotic mutations, hormone therapy, and venous thromboembolism among postmenopausal women: impact of the route of estrogen administration. Circulation. 2005;112(22):3495-500. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.565556
34. Olié V, Canonico M, Scarabin PY. Risk of venous thrombosis with oral versus transdermal estrogen therapy among postmenopausal women. Curr. Opin. Hematol. 2010;17(5):457-63. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MOH.0b013e32833c07bc
35. Mohammed K, Abu Dabrh AM, Benkhadra K, Al Nofal A, Carranza Leon BG, Prokop LJ, et al. Oral vs Transdermal estrogen therapy and vascular events: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2015;100(11):4012-20. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2015-2237
36. Zotova I.V., Zateyshchikov D.A. Inherited thrombophilia and venous thromboembolism: testing rules in clinical practice. Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2020;25(3S):4024. doi: https://doi.org/10.15829/1560-4071-2020-4024]
37. Dicks AB, Moussallem E, Stanbro M, Walls J, Gandhi S, Gray BH. A comprehensive review of risk factors and thrombophilia evaluation in venous thromboembolism. J. Clin. Med. 2024;13(2):362. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm13020362
38. Rovinski D, Ramos RB, Fighera TM, Casanova GK, Spritzer PM. Risk of venous thromboembolism events in postmenopausal women using oral versus non-oral hormone therapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Thromb. Res. 2018;168:83-95. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.thromres.2018.06.014
39. Royal College of Obstetricians & Gynaecologists. Thromboembolic disease in pregnancy and the puerperium: Acute management. Green-top Guideline No. 37b. London: RCOG; 2015
40. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists’ Committee on Practice Bulletins–Obstetrics. ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 197: Inherited thrombophilias in pregnancy. Obstet. Gynecol. 2018;132(1):e18-e34. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000002703
41. Alnor AB, Gils C, Vinholt PJ. Venous thromboembolism risk in adults with hereditary thrombophilia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann. Hematol. 2024;103(10):4285-94. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00277-024-05926-2
42. Canonico M, Plu-Bureau G, Lowe GD, Scarabin PY. Hormone replacement therapy and risk of venous thromboembolism in postmenopausal women: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2008;336(7655):1227-31. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.39555.441944.BE
43. Folsom AR, Aleksic N, Wang L, Cushman M, Wu KK, White RH. Protein C, antithrombin, and venous thromboembolism incidence: a prospective population-based study. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 2002;22(6):1018-22. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.atv.0000017470.08363.ab
44. ACOG committee opinion no. 556: Postmenopausal estrogen therapy: route of administration and risk of venous thromboembolism. Obstet. Gynecol. 2013;121(4):887-90. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.AOG.0000428645.90795.d9
45. https://thebms.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/09-BMS-TfC-NICE-Menopause-Menopause-identification-and-management-%E2%80%93-from-guideline-to-practice-MARCH2025-D.pdf
46. Lumsden MA, Dekkers OM, Faubion SS, Lindén Hirschberg A, Jayasena CN, Lambrinoudaki I, et al. European society of endocrinology clinical practice guideline for evaluation and management of menopause and the perimenopause. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 2025;193(4): G49-G81. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ejendo/lvaf206
47. Asmis L, Hellstern P. Thrombophilia testing - a systematic review. Clin. Lab. 2023;69(4). doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.7754/Clin.Lab.2022.220817
48. Douketis JD, Julian JA, Kearon C, Anderson DR, Crowther MA, Bates SM, et al. Does the type of hormone replacement therapy influence the risk of deep vein thrombosis? A prospective case-control study. J. Thromb. Haemost. 2005;3(5):943-8. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-7836.2005.01268.x
49. Middeldorp S, Nieuwlaat R, Baumann Kreuziger L, Coppens M, Houghton D, James AH, et al. American Society of Hematology 2023 guidelines for management of venous thromboembolism: thrombophilia testing. Blood Adv. 2023;7(22):7101-38. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1182/bloodadvances.2023010177
50. Canonico M, Oger E, Plu-Bureau G, Conard J, Meyer G, Lévesque H, et al.; Estrogen and Thromboembolism Risk (ESTHER) Study Group. Hormone therapy and venous thromboembolism among postmenopausal women: impact of the route of estrogen administration and progestogens: the ESTHER study. Circulation. 2007;115(7):840-5. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.642280
51. Vinogradova Y, Coupland C, Hippisley-Cox J. Use of hormone replacement therapy and risk of venous thromboembolism: nested case-control studies using the QResearch and CPRD databases. BMJ. 2019;364: k4810. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.k4810
52. Hicks A, Robson D, Tellis B, Smith S, Dunkley S, Baber R. Safety of menopause hormone therapy in postmenopausal women at higher risk of venous thromboembolism: a systematic review. Climacteric. 2025;28(5):497-509. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13697137.2025.2503874
53. Renoux C, Dell’Aniello S, Suissa S. Hormone replacement therapy and the risk of venous thromboembolism: a population-based study. J. Thromb. Haemost. 2010;8(5):979-86. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-7836.2010.03839.x
54. Canonico M, Fournier A, Carcaillon L, Olié V, Plu-Bureau G, Oger E, et al. Postmenopausal hormone therapy and risk of idiopathic venous thromboembolism: results from the E3N cohort study. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 2010;30(2):340-5. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1161/ATVBAHA.109.196022
55. Sweetland S, Beral V, Balkwill A, Liu B, Benson VS, et al.; Million Women Study Collaborators. Venous thromboembolism risk in relation to use of different types of postmenopausal hormone therapy in a large prospective study. J. Thromb. Haemost. 2012;10(11):2277-86. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-7836.2012.04919.x
56. Manson JE, Kaunitz AM. Menopause management--getting clinical care back on track. N. Engl. J. Med. 2016;374(9):803-6. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp1514242
57. Mirkin S. Evidence on the use of progesterone in menopausal hormone therapy. Climacteric. 2018;21(4):346-54. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13697137.2018.1455657
58. Baber RJ, Panay N, Fenton A; IMS Writing Group. 2016 IMS Recommendations on women’s midlife health and menopause hormone therapy. Climacteric. 2016;19(2):109-50. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.3109/13697137.2015.1129166
59. Lambrinoudaki I, Armeni E, Goulis D, Bretz S, Ceausu I, et al. Menopause, wellbeing and health: A care pathway from the European Menopause and Andropause Society. Maturitas. 2022;163:1-14. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2022.04.008
60. Menopause: identification and management. London: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE); 2024 Nov 7
61. Genazzani AR, Divakar H, Khadilkar SS, Monteleone P, Evangelisti B, et al. Counseling in menopausal women: How to address the benefits and risks of menopause hormone therapy. A FIGO position paper. Int. J. Gynaecol. Obstet. 2024;164(2):516-30. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijgo.15278
62. Ayzenberg I, Katsarava Z, Sborowski A, Chernysh M, Osipova V, et al.; Lifting the Burden. The prevalence of primary headache disorders in Russia: a countrywide survey. Cephalalgia. 2012;32(5):373-81. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0333102412438977
63. Welch KM, Brandes JL, Berman NE. Mismatch in how oestrogen modulates molecular and neuronal function may explain menstrual migraine. Neurol. Sci. 2006;27 Suppl 2: S190-2. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10072-006-0599-6
64. Ravi V, Osouli Meinagh S, Bavarsad Shahripour R. Reviewing migraine-associated pathophysiology and its impact on elevated stroke risk. Front. Neurol. 2024;15:1435208. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2024.1435208
65. Scottish Government Women’s Health and Heart Health Policy Teams with thanks to the numerous clinicians who helped and in collaboration with the medical advisory council of the British Menopause Society. Management of menopause for women with cardiovascular disease. Post Reprod. Health. 2024;30(4):280-4. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20533691241302040
66. Ali N, Sohail R, Jaffer SR, Siddique S, Kaya B, Atowoju I, et al. The role of estrogen therapy as a protective factor for Alzheimer’s disease and dementia in postmenopausal women: a comprehensive review of the literature. Cureus. 2023;15(8):e43053. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.43053
67. Maki PM, Jaff NG. Brain fog in menopause: A health-care professional’s guide for decision-making and counseling on cognition. Climacteric. 2022;25(6):570-8. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13697137.2022.2122792
68. Garber JR, Cobin RH, Gharib H, Hennessey JV, Klein I, et al.; American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American Thyroid Association Taskforce on Hypothyroidism in Adults. Clinical practice guidelines for hypothyroidism in adults: cosponsored by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and the American Thyroid Association. Thyroid. 2012;22(12):1200-35. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1089/thy.2012.0205
69. Mintziori G, Veneti S, Poppe K, Goulis DG, Armeni E, Erel CT, et al. EMAS position statement: Thyroid disease and menopause. Maturitas. 2024;185:107991. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2024.107991
70. Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. Clinical recommendations “Hypothyroidism”. Version of 2025 year.
71. Kaminski J, Junior CM, Pavesi H, Drobrzenski B, Amaral GMD. Effects of oral versus transdermal estradiol plus micronized progesterone on thyroid hormones, hepatic proteins, lipids, and quality of life in menopausal women with hypothyroidism: a clinical trial. Menopause. 2021;28(9):1044-52. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1097/GME.0000000000001811
72. Grundy SM. Metabolic syndrome: a multiplex cardiovascular risk factor. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007;92(2):399-404. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2006-0513
73. International Diabetes Federation. Diabetes Atlas. 11th Edition – 2025. Available at: https://diabetesatlas.org/media/uploads/sites/3/2025/04/IDF_Atlas_11th_Edition_2025-1.pdf
74. Dedov I.I., Shestakova M.V., Vikulova O.K., Zheleznyakova A.V., Isakov M.А. Epidemiological characteristics of diabetes mellitus in the Russian Federation: clinical and statistical analysis according to the Federal diabetes register data of 01.01.2021. Diabetes mellitus. 2021;24(3):204-221. (In Russ.). doi: https://doi.org/10.14341/DM12759
75. Rossi R, Origliani G, Modena MG. Transdermal 17-beta-estradiol and risk of developing type 2 diabetes in a population of healthy, nonobese postmenopausal women. Diabetes Care. 2004;27(3):645-9. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.2337/diacare.27.3.645
76. Salpeter SR, Walsh JM, Ormiston TM, Greyber E, Buckley NS, Salpeter EE. Meta-analysis: effect of hormone-replacement therapy on components of the metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women. Diabetes Obes. Metab. 2006;8(5):538-54. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-1326.2005.00545.x
77. WHO. Obesity and overweight. 8 December 2025. Available at: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight
78. NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC). Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults. Lancet. 2024;403(10431):1027-50. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(23)02750-2
79. Giannini A. Menopause, hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and obesity. Curr. Res. Diab. Obes. J. 2018;7(1):555704. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.19080/CRDOJ.2018.07.555704
80. Powell-Wiley TM, Poirier P, Burke LE, Després JP, Gordon-Larsen P, et al.; American Heart Association Council on Lifestyle and Cardiometabolic Health; Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing; Council on Clinical Cardiology; Council on Epidemiology and Prevention; and Stroke Council. Obesity and cardiovascular disease: A scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2021;143(21):e984-e1010. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000973
81. Hotoleanu C. Association between obesity and venous thromboembolism. Med. Pharm. Rep. 2020;93(2):162-8. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.15386/mpr-1372
82. Beaudart C, Zaaria M, Pasleau F, Reginster JY, Bruyère O. Health outcomes of sarcopenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2017;12(1):e0169548. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0169548
83. Palacios S, Chedraui P, Sánchez-Borrego R, Coronado P, Nappi RE. Obesity and menopause. Gynecol. Endocrinol. 2024;40(1):2312885. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09513590.2024.2312885
84. O’Sullivan AJ, Crampton LJ, Freund J, Ho KK. The route of estrogen replacement therapy confers divergent effects on substrate oxidation and body composition in postmenopausal women. J. Clin. Invest. 1998;102(5):1035-40. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1172/JCI2773
85. Mukherjee A, Ghaem-Maghami S, Syed AA. Use of incretin-based therapies in women using hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Post Reprod. Health. 2025;31(2):127-31. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20533691251343069
86. Masnoon N, Shakib S, Kalisch-Ellett L, Caughey GE. What is polypharmacy? A systematic review of definitions. BMC Geriatr. 2017;17(1):230. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12877-017-0621-2
87. Sujayeva V.A. The problem of polypharmacy in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases in the elderly: a review of the expert consensus of the working group of the European Society of Cardiology. Meditsinskie novosti. – 2022. – N5. – P. 20–26.
88. Gosselin M, Talbot D, Simard M, Chiu YM, Mésidor M, Boiteau V, et al. Classifying polypharmacy according to pharmacotherapeutic and clinical risks in older adults: a latent class analysis in Quebec, Canada. Drugs Aging. 2023;40(6):573-83. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40266-023-01028-2
89. Юренева С.В. Менопаузальная гормональная терапия – индивидуализированный подход с позиции эффективности и безопасности: обзор международных рекомендаций. // Акушерство и гинекология. — 2024. — № 9. — С. 36-46
90. Rodriguez S, Gaunt TR, Guo Y, Zheng J, Barnes MR, Tang W, et al. Lipids, obesity and gallbladder disease in women: insights from genetic studies using the cardiovascular gene-centric 50K SNP array. Eur. J. Hum. Genet. 2016;24(1):106-12. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ejhg.2015.63
91. Cirillo D.J. Effect of estrogen therapy on gallbladder disease. JAMA. 2005;293:330. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.293.3.330
92. Liu B, Beral V, Balkwill A, Green J, Sweetland S, Reeves G; Million Women Study Collaborators. Gallbladder disease and use of transdermal versus oral hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women: prospective cohort study. BMJ. 2008;337:a386. doi: doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.a386
93. Saddique MN, Saleem S, Shahid I, Javid S, Hamza Khan M, Iqbal J. The estrogengallstone connection: uncovering the pathways. Discov. Public Health. 2024;21:113. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12982-024-00232-8
Review
For citations:
Balan V.E., Yureneva S.V., Yarmolinskaya M.I., Andreeva E.N., Drapkina O.M., Baranov I.I., Hirschberg A.L., Cano A., Berns S.A., Yavelov I.S., Sergeev A.V., Dora S.V., Dzhenina O.V., Akinshina S.V., Skiba Ya.B., Talibov O.B. Consensus statement on the results of the interdisciplinary expert council meeting with international participation on personalized prescription of hormone replacement therapy/menopausal hormone therapy in women at different age period. Bulletin of Reproductive Health. 2026;5(2):10-26. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.14341/brh12804
JATS XML
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).















